In the peripheral nervous system, which cell type protects neuron cell bodies similarly to astrocytes?

• A. Satellite cells
• B. Oligodendrocytes
• C. Microglia
• D. Schwann cells

Answer: (A)

In the peripheral nervous system, the glial cells that shield and support neuron cell bodies in ganglia function like astrocytes do in the CNS. These cells, known as satellite glial cells, surround each neuron soma within dorsal root and autonomic ganglia. They form a protective sheath and help maintain the local environment by regulating the extracellular ion balance, supplying nutrients, removing waste, and providing metabolic support. This arrangement keeps the neuronal cell bodies stable and protected, mirroring the role astrocytes play around CNS neurons.

Other glial types have different primary jobs. Oligodendrocytes myelinate axons in the CNS, not the cell bodies. Microglia act as immune cells within the CNS, clearing debris and responding to injury. Schwann cells myelinate axons in the PNS and support axonal health, but they do not encase neuronal somas in ganglia.