A second-degree burn injures which layers?

• A. Dermis
• B. Epidermis and part of the dermis
• C. Subcutaneous tissue
• D. Only the epidermis

Answer: (B)

Second-degree burns are partial-thickness injuries that affect both the epidermis and part of the dermis. The epidermis is the outer protective layer, and the dermis beneath it contains nerves, blood vessels, hair follicles, and sweat glands. Damaging these two layers leads to blistering and painful skin because nerve endings in the dermis are exposed or irritated. Healing occurs because remaining epidermal cells and dermal appendages can regenerate the surface, though deeper involvement increases healing time and the chance of scarring. If only the epidermis were damaged, that would be a first-degree burn, and if the full depth including subcutaneous tissue were involved, that would be a deeper, full-thickness burn.